Supervision, The research was conducted on 1812 teachers working in schools, colleges, and coaching institutions from six different Indian states. Not all U.S. presidents are missed once they leave the White House. 10 of Figles et al. In rural or remote areas, access to smart devices, the internet, and technology is limited and inconsistent [6]. While countries such as Germany, Japan, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States recognized the importance of ICT by integrating it into their respective teacher training programmes [22], this has not been case in India. e0282287. (2018) Table 2; reduction-in-class-size results are from pg. disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on underrepresented student subgroups. Additional support for students, such as online counseling services, is needed to ensure that students remain engaged and academically successful . The gap in digital education across Indian schools is striking. However, only a few studies [13, 1517] have touched the issues that teachers faced due to COVID lockdown. Primary reasons for lower quality student work were drop in the number of assignments and work quality as well as cheating. Disclaimer. Stay tuned for both the publication of the preliminary results as well as the forthcoming research publication! The types of issues also differed by gender, with men more likely to report restlessness and loneliness and women more likely to report feeling anxious or helpless. For example, many school districts are expanding summer learning programs, but school districts have struggled to find staff interested in teaching summer school to meet the increased demand. Formal analysis, Sign up to receive the latest updates from U.S News & World Report and our trusted partners and sponsors. The first key factor is the psychopathological reaction to the situation (i.e. It had a significant impact on my feedback. This study found that online teaching causes more mental and physical problems for teachers than another study, which only found that 52.7% of respondents had these problems [12]. "You could find two similarly situated districts, and one just had a different political capacity to open and both still incurred the same types of cost," Ellerson Ng says. A teaching assistant works in an empty classroom as she monitors a remote learning class at the Valencia Newcomer School, Sept. 2, 2020, in Phoenix. A study conducted on 288 teachers from private and government schools in Delhi and National Capital Region area, also found that transition to online education has further widened the gap between pupils from government and private schools. 82% respondents reported physical issues like neck pain, back pain, headache, and eyestrain. Just as respondents had more physical complaints (including eye strain, back and neck pain, and headaches) the more hours they worked online, respondents who worked longer hours online reported more mental health issues. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many of these learning opportunities especially those in large groups or . In the sample used for the preliminary review of results, teachers positive affect was on average around 2.67 (a little less than moderate; SD: 0.82) while their negative affect was on average around 2.86 (a little less than moderate; SD: 0.95). Thus, only time will tell how successful online education has been in terms of its effects on the lives of learners. The current study uses needs assessment data gathered from 454 New Orleans charter school teachers (81% women; 55% Black; 73% regular education) during the first months of the pandemic. reported effect sizes separately by grade span; Figles et al. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain insight into the lived experiences of preservice teachers amid the Covid-19 pandemic, including how such experiences impacted their perceptions of self-efficacy and pedagogical readiness. After the historic disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, most schools are back open worldwide but education is still in recovery assessing the damage done and lessons learned. One question that looms large for school leaders and education policy and data experts is just how comprehensive the data collection will be whether it will be a quick effort to get schools reopen as fast as possible or whether it will lay the groundwork for an in-depth analysis of the repercussions of the pandemic. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The PANAS contains two 10-item mood scales and provides brief independent measures of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Of respondents under 35 years of age 61% felt lonely at some point during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to only 40% of those age 35 or older. The demands associated with the sudden requirement to teach remotely, and later having to manage hybrid (both in person and online) learning may be having adverse effects on the mental and physical health of teachers. The emergence of remote teaching during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused several gaps due to teachers being unprepared to teach online. All participants were between the ages of 18 and 60, with an average age of 34 and a clear majority being 35 or younger. Second, we have little evidence and guidance about the efficacy of these interventions at the unprecedented scale that they are now being considered. No, Is the Subject Area "Mental health and psychiatry" applicable to this article? The Sustainable Canadian Agricultural Partnership (Sustainable CAP) is a five-year (2023-2028), $3.5-billion investment by federalprovincial and territorial governments to strengthen competitiveness, innovation, and resiliency of the agriculture, agrifood and agribased products sector. A total of 145 telephonic interviews were also conducted to obtain in-depth information from the respondents. and Nictow et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282287.s001. As one respondent stated: We are taking many precautions to stop cheating, such as asking to install a mirror behind the student and doing online proctoring, but students have their ways out for every matter. Class-size reductions included in the Figles meta-analysis ranged from a minimum of one to minimum of eight students per class. The Road to COVID Recovery project and the National Student Support Accelerator are two such large-scale evaluation studies that aim to produce this type of evidence while providing resources for districts to track and evaluate their own programming. The coding work group took those themes and combined them, with the help of the Dr. Teglasi into integrated broad themes. Data curation, 47% respondents reported back and neck pain after working for 3 hours or less, 60% after working for 36 hours, and nearly 70% after working for 6 hours or more. Physical interaction between students and teachers in traditional classrooms has been replaced by exchanges on digital learning platforms, such as online teaching and virtual education systems, characterized by an absence of face-to-face connection [5]. Teachers working from home, in particular, have reported isolation, excessive screen time, inability to cope with additional stress, and exhaustion due to increased workload; despite being wary of the risks of exposure to COVID-19, they were eager to return to the campus [27]. The current front-runner for the 2024 GOP nomination cycled through familiar grievances and portrayed himself as the only person who could save the country from a doom-and-gloom future. "I think it is nearly certain that COVID-19 has had negative effects on young children and family functioning," Johnson says. Student impact: Educators are not the only ones struggling through the pandemic. Typically, the PANAS scales are the most representative indicators of overall positive and negative affect as they represent averages of the positive and negative mood states that are asked about. Teachers in India, in particular, have a huge gap in digital literacy caused by a lack of training and access to reliable electricity supply, and internet services. Although the PA and NA scales are typically used to describe the mood states, it is notable that in this case there was greater variation among items within the scales. Purpose: The emergence of COVID-19 led the world to an unprecedented public health crisis. Policy research conducted on online and remote learning systems following COVID-19 has found similar results, namely that teachers implemented distance learning modalities from the start of the pandemic, often without adequate guidance, training, or resources [23]. Based on responses to the surveys, all participants are at an 80% chance of a major health breakdown in the next two years. The pandemic has greatly disrupted all aspects of human life and forced new ways of functioning, notably in work and education, much of which has been restricted to the household environment. The Negative Long Term Effects of COVID-19 on Education Obviously, the global pandemic we have experienced over the past two years has affected every aspect of daily life in different ways. A possible explanation for this difference is that older people have had time to develop stronger and longer-lasting professional and personal ties than younger people. No, Is the Subject Area "Psychological stress" applicable to this article? 2022 Dec 12;10:1046435. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046435. 2021 Apr 1;18(7):3689. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073689. In order for the coding of the qualitative responses to be comparable, we only included participants who responded to all three qualitative questions in the preliminary review of results. In this paper, we explore the impacts of online/hybrid modes on NEE courses in the context of the . (2018) Table 2; summer program results are pulled from Lynch et al (2021) Table 2; and tutoring estimates are pulled from Nictow et al (2020) Table 3B. Once teachers had acquired some familiarity with the online system, new questions arose concerning how online education affected the quality of teaching in terms of learning and assessment, and how satisfied teachers were with this new mode of imparting education. 2022 Dec 7;10:1057782. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1057782. As well as its health impacts, COVID-19 had a huge effect on the education of children - but the full scale is only just starting to emerge. Deciding to close, partially close or reopen schools should be guided by a risk-based approach, to maximize the educational, well-being and health benefit for students, teachers, staff, and the wider community, and help prevent a new outbreak of COVID-19 in the community. These findings will provide direction to the policy makers to develop sound strategies to address existing gaps for the successful implementation of digital learning. The Brown Center Chalkboard launched in January 2013 as a weekly series of new analyses of policy, research, and practice relevant to U.S. education. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Mental health issues were more common among those under the age of 35, with 64% reporting a problem most of the time compared to 53% of those over 35. Citation: Dayal S (2023) Online education and its effect on teachers during COVID-19A case study from India. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Teacher well-being has been greatly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings of this study were similar to the findings of a survey of lecturers in Ukraine assessing the effectiveness of online education. 2020 Dec 9;17(24):9188. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249188. This includes $1 billion in federal programs and . Teachers in government schools used various platforms, including WhatsApp for prepared material and YouTube for pre-recorded videos. These responses indicates clearly that it is not only teachers living in states where connectivity was poor who experienced difficulties in imparting education to students; even those who had good internet connectivity experiences problems caused by the poor internet connections of their students. Class-size reductions included in the Figles meta-analysis ranged from a minimum of one to minimum of eight students per class. In the educational realm, the forced closure, and subsequent reopening of school settings disrupted the personal and professional lives of administrators, teachers, parents, and students. USMCA Forward 2023 Chapter 3: Human Capital, Connecting schools and communities can restore hope in the possibility of change in Lebanon. Recovering the months of lost education must be a priority for all nations. Female respondents reported receiving more support than male respondents perhaps because they have access to a more extensive network of family members and coworkers. In accordance with our survey results, the vast majority of respondents (94%) lacked any ICT training or experience. (2022) Table 5; reduction-in-class-size results are from pg. It might be timely, but it won't be consistent and, therefore, it will lack a certain quality and limit the types of decisions we can make from it and the types of insights we can draw from it.". Students have also been impacted by increases in hyperactivity, indiscipline, sadness, loneliness, frustration, and anxiety." She cited a group of Caribbean paediatricians who stated that our. Table 1 summarizes the demographic characteristics of the participants. Women experienced more physical discomfort than men, with 51% reporting frequent discomfort, compared to only 46% of men. Source: COVID-19 score drops are pulled from Kuhfeld et al. The present study adopts a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. Two groups of Spanish stakeholders affected by the return to face-to-face instruction during the pandemic were the University of Extremadura&rsquo . The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The data also indicates that teachers in higher education and at coaching centers had relatively better access to laptops and desktop computers through their institutions, whereas teachers in elementary and secondary schools had to scramble for securing devices for their own use. MeSH https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282287.g004. In March 2020, several countries including India declared a mandatory lockdown, resulting in the temporary closure of many institutions, not least educational ones. COVID-19 brought a multitude of changes to the lives of educators. The absence of training, along with local factors (for example, stakeholders infrastructure and socio-economic standing), contributes to difficulties in imparting digital education successfully [10]. Lower quality student work was cited as the third most mentioned problem among the problems cited by instructors in their experience with online teaching, right behind unreliable internet connectivity and the issues related with software and hardware. Th e education system in America changed drastically, and without proper preparations. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. COVID pandemic resulted in an initially temporary and then long term closure of educational institutions, creating a need for adapting to online and remote learning. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282287.t001. "You have 13,000 local data systems," says Paige Kowalski, executive vice president of the Data Quality Campaign. Additionally, 92% respondents faced mental issues like stress, anxiety, and loneliness due to online teaching. Figure 1 shows the standardized drops in math test scores between students testing in fall 2019 and fall 2021 (separately by elementary and middle school grades) relative to the average effect size of various educational interventions. Teachers have had to deal with many of the negative aspects of COVID-19 over the past year. These include the following. Also the manner in which teachers use ICT is crucial to successful implementation of online education [21]. Due to widespread restrictions, employees have been forced to carve out working spaces in the family home; likewise, students and teachers have been compelled to bring classes into homes [2]. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282287, https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/unesco_covid-19_response_in_cambodia.pdf, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-online-digital-learning/, https://www.eajournals.org/journals/british-journal-of-education-bje/vol-9-issue-1-2021/the-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-education-in-cambodia/, https://img.asercentre.org/docs/ASER%202021/ASER%202020%20wave%201%20-%20v2/aser2020wave1report_feb1.pdf, https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feduc.2021.647524, https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feduc.2021.638470, https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feduc.2021.648365, https://www.unicef.org/rosa/media/16511/file/India%20Case%20Study.pdf, https://unsdg.un.org/resources/policy-brief-education-during-covid-19-and-beyond, https://www.unicef.org/india/media/6121/file/Report%20on%20rapid%20assessment%20of%20learning%20during%20school%20closures%20in%20context%20of%20COVID-19.pdf, https://livewire.thewire.in/personal/teaching-in-the-times-of-coronavirus/, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jnc.15158, https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/consequences, https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620718. Teachers on independent-school rosters were significantly better equipped to access smart devices than those employed at other types of schools. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced higher education institutions to adopt online and hybrid modes of instruction globally, with Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) becoming a primary educational tool. Yes It has been found that job uncertainty is one of the primary causes of a higher prevalence of mental health concerns among younger respondents than among older respondents. New Engineering Education (NEE) has become increasingly important in higher education in China. Self-imposed perfectionism further exacerbated these issues while delivering online education [15]. Or is the federal government instead going to incentivize states to create datasets with parameters of what works and what doesn't?". Clearly, however, theres work to do. Similar trends have been reported in Australia, where schoolteachers in outback areas did not find online education helpful or practical for children, a majority of whom came from low-income families. In the interviews, participants were asked about their experiences of online teaching during the pandemic, particularly in relation to physical and mental health issues. 2021 Jun 13;18(12):6418. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126418. In this context, this study is trying to fill existing gaps and focuses on the upheavals that teachers went through to accommodate COVID restrictions and still impart education. No, Is the Subject Area "Internet" applicable to this article? PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, COVID-19; Telework; online teaching; pandemic; primary school. Online teaching appears to have negatively affected the mental health of all the study participants. While premier higher education institutions and some private institutions had provided teachers with the necessary infrastructure and training to implement effective successful online learning with relatively few challenges, teachers at schools and community colleges have more often been left to adopt a trial-and-error approach to the transition to an online system. The stress of adapting to a new online working environment, the extended hours of work required to prepare content in new formats, the trial-and-error nature of learning and adopting new practices, uncertainty caused by lockdown, and an overall feeling of having no control were some of the contributing factors. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Relationship-building between the academic and the student. The transition from offline to online or remote learning was abrupt, and teachers had to adapt quickly to the new systems. No effect of age on physical discomfort was observed in this study but increasing use of online tools (such as class websites) for content creation and delivery and extended working periods were major contributors to health problems. Internet connectivity was better in the states of Karnataka, New Delhi, and Rajasthan than in Assam, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh. The node that displayed a lower mean compared to the group mean was node 3 (M = 1.568) (green node).In this group, 29.6% of men had the lowest scores in negative affective states, characterized by perceiving a negative effect of work on family life (NWHI) lower than 3.1 and a negative effect of personal life on work (NHWI) lower than or equal to 1.75. Would you like email updates of new search results? Teachers have been operating in crisis mode since spring. New digital learning platforms like Zoom, Google Classroom, Canvas, and Blackboard have been used extensively to create learning material and deliver online classes; they have also allowed teachers to devise training and skill development programs [7]. COVID-19 poses an even higher risk to girls' education and well-being, as girls are more likely to drop out of school and are also more vulnerable to violence and face child marriage and adolescent fertility. But in doing so, they might completely overlook the fact that it took an incredible amount of resources for other school districts to do the heavy lifting required to reopen, and they need additional funding to keep going. Teachers used various online assessment methods, including proctored closed/open book exams and quizzes, assignment submissions, class exercises, and presentations. We focused on test scores from immediately before the pandemic (fall 2019), following the initial onset (fall 2020), and more than one year into pandemic disruptions (fall 2021). Summer programs in math have been found to be effective (average effect size of .10 SDs), though these programs in isolation likely would not eliminate the COVID-19 test-score drops. Additionally, a survey done on 6435 respondents across six states in India reported that 21% teachers in schools conducted home visits for teaching children [19]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282287.g003. School systems must start to deal with the mental and physical health of teachers before a large number of them leave the profession. The Covid-19 pandemic has taken away that which makes teachers who they are teaching. College Park, MD 20742, Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership, Council on Racial Equity and Justice (COREJ), https://www.crslearn.org/publication/celebrating-teaching/, Other Educational Professionals (e.g., Assistant Principals, Specialists): 2.2%, Other (e.g., DoDEA, Military Bases): 3.6%, Northeast: 16.7% (ME, CT, NJ, PA, NY, MA), South: 16.5% (NC, SC, GA, FL, AR, TX, AL, AR, LA, MS, TN, WV), West: 12.1% (CA, OR, AK, WA, UT, NM, CO, MT, UT, WY), Other Educational Professionals (e.g., Assistant Principals, Specialists): 2.7%, Other (e.g., DoDEA, Military Bases): 4.1%. The .gov means its official. Teachers experienced mounting physical and mental health issues due to stress of adjusting to online platforms without any or minimal ICT training and longer working hours to meet the demands of shifting responsibilities. The transition to online education platforms presented unprecedented challenges for the teachers. Similarly, it's not as simple as asking who has the internet at home. But much research has focused on only a few populations and institutions that have been affected by COVID-19. The Research Advisory Committee on Codes of Ethics for Research of Aggrawal College, Ballabhgarh, Haryana, reviewed and approved this study. and Kim & Quinn report an overall effect size across elementary and middle grades. ", Tags: Coronavirus, pandemic, education, health, public health, Joe Biden, Department of Education, K-12 education, United States. Are You Tired of Working amid the Pandemic? Governments and individuals tried their best to adjust to the new circumstances, but sudden lockdown, confinement to the household periphery, and working from home had adverse effects on the mental and physical health of many people, including educators and students. Front Public Health. (3) How has online education affected teachers overall health? This study also found gender-based differences in the frequency of mental health issues experienced, with 62% of male respondents and 52% of female respondents reporting that they had always experienced mental health issues. We will be answering questions and solving the effects of this pandemic for decades. (Ross D. Franklin/AP). "There was a real missed opportunity to spend the summer getting this together so that you had guidance for states and districts to start counting things in a comparable and consistent way and then aggregating that information up to the national level so that Congress can come back and begin to solve the problem," Kowalski says. A statement included in the google survey form as a means of acquiring written consent from the participants. Therefore, we provide the frequencies for each item below: University of Maryland Santana-Lpez BN, Bernat-Adell MD, Santana-Cabrera L, Santana-Cabrera EG, Ruiz-Rodrguez GR, Santana-Padilla YG.
