B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995. While colonial administration in colonies such as Kenya attempted to some degree to provide training for Kenyans to fill the high-level positions (Sheffield 1973:86), the attempts in many cases fell short, and when the European administration left, Kenya, for instance, had few sufficiently educated replacements (Sheffield 1973:88). Mobility depended on the . In 1880, two Roman Catholic priests of the Society of African Missions (S.M.A. The Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist and Anglican missions all made a major contribution to education in Ghana and Africa as a whole. Its general scope extends to both Roman Catholic as well as Protestant missionaries in relation to education works. Efforts to change these norms were often aimed at women. The positive contribution of Christian missionaries in Ghana can be felt in such areas as education, local language development, stoppage of outmoded cultural practices, agriculture and commerce. The study traces the his tory of colonial education and the tremendous contributions of missionaries in the establishment of formal education in the region. endstream endobj 504 0 obj <>>>/Lang(en)/MarkInfo<>/Metadata 55 0 R/Outlines 135 0 R/Pages 498 0 R/StructTreeRoot 142 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 505 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 499 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 506 0 obj <>stream They preferred to hold onto polygamy, even at the cost of illiteracy. They had to speak through few interpreters who did not have sufficient education to interpret correctly. This post may contain affiliate links. 1931. In 2011 at age 77, he retired from teaching and returned to the United States. In addition, the contributions of celebrity missionaries, such as Christian Schwartz, William Carey, Alexander Duff, and James . Again, the missionaries helped to pacify Africans while their rich natural resources were being plundered by the colonial government. Missionaries and the intellectual history of Africa: a historical survey. Itinerario 7, no. The problems created by the white missionaries themselves arose largely from a misconception of what Africa represented. homework help Rev. Similar organizations were formed in several other European countries. Their activities had both positive and negative effects on Ghanaian society. As much as the governments liked to assign blame to the missions, they were also accountable for the poor education through their educational policies. While missionaries could sometimes clash with colonial governments, for the most part missions were important tools for colonial governments. Other difficulties they faced were the problems of the many languages and dialects and their ignorance of the true meaning of the various cultures, beliefs, values and ways of life of the people whom they set out to convert to Christianity. House, 1967. senior high school government We shall now turn our attention to the activities of the Christian missionaries in Ghana. The foreign exchange earnings helped to develop Ghanas infrastructure. This instruction in 1948 developed into the University College in Ibadan. Although Lokoja had a small C.M.S. In 1880, two Roman Catholic priests of the Society of African Missions (S.M.A. The high temperatures coupled with high rainfall patterns in some parts of the country experienced during the daytime, made the missionaries stay indoors, which slowed down their activities. The pastors of the Church Missionary Society, from Badagry and later from Sierra Leone, visited these Christian communities in Abeokuta and other towns. The vast majority of the people of The Gambia are Moslems; but a sizeable percentage of the population, especially in and around the capital Banjul, are Christians. While the protestant evangelical movements were gaining ground in West Africa, similar movements were being promoted by the Roman Catholic Church in Europe. non-slave trade), Christianity, Civilization and Colonization. In traditionally monogamous societies, primary school completion increased by about eight percent, but only four percent in polygamous societies. They include Sierra Leone 1900-1933; Ghana 1903; Cape Verde 1904-1910; and St Vincent 1907-1912. Governments are also not free from blame even if they had a laissez-faire educational policy, as in Ghana, where until 1944 the registration of schools was not required and no attempt was made to exert detailed control even over the activities of grant-aided [by the government] institutions except for a series of minimal registrations (Foster 1965:114). JNE sustains a commitment to a threefold mission: first, to stimulate the collection and facilitate the dissemination of facts about the education of Black people; second, to present discussions involving critical appraisals of the proposals and practices relating to the education of Black people; and third, to stimulate and sponsor investigations of issues incident to the education of Black people. Joseph Dunwell. Their records from World War One show their distance from the war and yet that it did affect their decisions. They were followed by other major missionary bodies, including the Methodists and the Roman Catholics. West Africa and Christianity. The Methodists founded the Boys High School in 1874, and another high school for girls six years later. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. the role of administrators, chiefs and the missions; first attempts at agricultural and industrial training; girls' education and teacher training before 1850; some chief factors in educational expansion 1850-1900; government official policy in educational expansion 1850-1900; agricultural, industrial and vernacular training 1850-1900 Lewis, Donald M., ed. His request to the Danish Crown for missionaries was forwarded to . Apart from the extreme south and the Horn, the interior was hardly touched by Europeans before the last quarter of the Nineteenth Century. Their personal and family choices influenced the expansion speed of missionary education. Consequently, they couldnt do much to promote the cultivation of food crops like maize, cassava, cocoyam and plantain. There were several reasons for this poor education, some intentional and some not. In Ghana, missions strategically weighted costs and benefits when choosing where to establish their churches and schools. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. Thus missionaries, by imparting education that promoted dependence on colonial rule, arguably contributed to the political instability that continues in the present day in many former African colonies, such as Kenya and Eritrea. Important among these, all in Lagos, were the Baptist Academy in 1855, the C.M.S. Rather, it denationalized and facilitated the indignity and loss of cultural identity of the Ghanaian. Your email address will not be published. Sign in to view the collection. The most momentous discovery in western Africa came in 1471, when Portuguese captains first reached the coast of modern Ghana between the mouths of the Ankobra and Volta rivers. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004. Third, rivalry between the various Christian denominations also contributed to the poor standards of education. Christian Religious Studies About the same time, the Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) headed by the Rev. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Christian Connector is a great resource for Christians and aspiring ministry leaders and missionaries to apply for scholarships. For the next decade, the Church grew in Ghana at an accelerated pace. Today, local communities and ethnic groups that were more exposed to mission schools, still achieve higher levels of education, when compared to communities where there were no schools. The effects of work done by Bishop Ajayi Crowther, assisted by the Igbo recaptive the Rev. education was an important means for mission evangelization. For example, they preached against human sacrifice. Father Vincent Burke SVD, 83, recipient of Ghanas Officer of the Order of Volta Award, passed away at Techny, Ill., on Sept. 21. Soon after the Methodist experiment, the church Missionary Society set up their own school at Badagry. Following agitation by the people in 1934, the government opened the old Yaba Higher College and Medical School, which awarded diplomas acceptable only locally. Operating from Whydah in what is today the Peoples Republic of Benin (formerly Dahomey), Father Berghero, in 1860, visited Abeokuta and Lagos where freed Catholic slaves from Brazil welcomed him warmly. He professed vows in 1953 in Conesus, N.Y., and was ordained to the priesthood in 1961 at Techny, Ill. Purchase a license below to view the full collection. The Presbyterians, also, opened hospitals in several parts of the country, including the one at Agogo in Asante-Akyem. They worked tirelessly to lay a foundation for formal education The European missionaries established elementary and second-cycle institutions in the country. S.J. Vol. Besides education, they cared for the sick. Vol. Help those suffering in Turkey and Syria. The churches opened primary schools both in the capital and in the rural communities. Some of the positive development outcomes of former British colonies are arguably the result of a permissive attitude towards mission schools. The Christian missionaries have been credited with the discontinuation of some obnoxious traditional practices among Ghanaians. The education and skill development of the people is the highest, most potent agent of national development that the Church imparts to its output of students, scholars, and professionals who perform various precious roles in the various sectors of the national economy for national development,' he stated. Get full access to all 9,566 pages that make up the Ghana in Records from Colonial Missionaries, 1886-1951 collection. Another important German missionary was Wilhelm Johannson, better known by the English version of his name, William Johnson, who is revered in the history of the CMS in West Africa. And yet this was what earlier missionaries in pagan Europe had done when, for example, they had changed the Sabbath to suit the pagan Sun Day (hence Sunday), and had also adopted the dates of the pagan festivals to celebrate Christmas Day and the Easter festival. The impact of Christianity on West African society has persisted to this day. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! The quest for an all-inclusive development model of Ghana and other developing nations, therefore, calls for an insight into the role and responsibilities of religion toward education. Notably among these missionaries are the Wesleyan, Basel, and Bremen. 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As a member of the Church of England, it interests me to see echoes of Christian educational efforts by organizations such as Compassion Canada in the educational efforts of the missionary branch of the Anglican Church, the Church Missionary Society, or CMS. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. It is interesting to note that while in many ways missionaries sought to isolate students from their cultures, missionaries often insisted in teaching in the native languages.
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