The United States occupied Cuba until they felt Cuba could maintain itself without their help, but brought along their own racial ideologies with them, and left them there in Cuba. In contrast to these, SCBI is: Priority driven - it is structured around delivery of a small number of specific priorities. Each group had different reasons why they were unhappy under Frances rule. Also in FY 2021, 39,303 Cuban nationals presented themselves at various land border ports of entry throughout the US. ppg dbc basecoat mixing ratio how was the development of cuba and of haiti different. Population density shows how cramped or spread out inhabitants are. At that time, the French and English armies were embroiled in the so-called 100 years wars and fought many a proxy battles including Haiti. Haiti is a free market economy with low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Since Hurricane Georges, Cuba has sent medical aid to Haiti in the form of doctors, education and medical supplies. The war was framed as the SpanishAmerican War, leaving out the importance of Cuba and their soldiers fighting against the Spanish. There were very few whites left since most of them had fled out of fear and Dessalines proclamation in 1804 stated Never will any colonist of European set foot on this land as a master or proprietor.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-box-4','ezslot_9',107,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-box-4','ezslot_10',107,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-107{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Official development assistance (ODA) is defined as government aid that promotes and specifically targets the economic development and welfare of developing countries. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. How does Cuba compare to Haiti? Buildings collapsed throughout the capital and surrounding region, including many homes as well as large public structures such as the National Palace, the citys cathedral, and hospitals. how was the development of cuba and of haiti different; how was the development of cuba and of haiti different. They removed $500,000 from the Haitian National Bank in December of 1914 for safe-keeping in New York, thus giving the United States control of the bank. ), limited available information; estimated 50,000 active personnel (approximately 40,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force) (2022), the military's inventory is comprised of aging Russian and Soviet-era equipment (2022), 17-28 years of age for compulsory (men) and voluntary (men and women) military service; conscripts serve for two years (2022), the FAR has a large role in the Cuban economy through several military owned and operated conglomerates, including such sectors as banking, hotels, industry, retail, transportation, and tourism (2022), US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the facility can terminate the lease, Tier 3 Cuba does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government made some efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict sex traffickers and sex tourists and identified and provided assistance to some victims; however, no efforts were made to address forced labor; there was a government policy or pattern to profit from labor export programs with strong indications of forced labor, particularly in foreign medical missions; authorities did not protect potential trafficking victims, leaving them at risk of being detained or charged for crimes their traffickers forced them to commit (2020), Cuba is not a major consumer, producer, or transit point of illicit drugs; strict policing on smuggling, production and consumption; prescription drug abuse is increasing, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, country code - 53; the ALBA-1, GTMO-1,and GTMO-PRfiber-optic submarine cables link Cuba, Jamaica, and Venezuela;satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its difficulties. Haitian Cubans (Spanish: Haitiano-Cubano; French: Hatien Cubain; Haitian Creole: Ayisyen Kiben) are Cuban citizens of full or partial Haitian ancestry. Garry Pierre-Pierre is a Pulitzer-prize winning, multimedia and entrepreneurial journalist. However, a lack of resources and housing for these people leads to several of them dying from starvation and disease. However, neither of these groups sought after independence and reformists mainly wanted Spain to treat Cuba as a province. SCBI was designed to address some of the reasons why past capacity building activities had not delivered. Perhaps if the U. S. had not interfered in Cuba, white elites could hav pressured more by Afro-Cubans to revolutionize the political and social systems of their nations, however that was not the case. GEO Chapter 11 Flashcards | Quizlet air force epr rating scale brian steele bristol bateman skips def jam fight for ny blazin' moves list velocette factory records Within the gulf lies Gonve Island, which has an area of approximately 290 square miles (750 square km). Haiti, country in the Caribbean Sea that includes the western third of the island of Hispaniola and such smaller islands as Gonve, Tortue (Tortuga), Grande Caye, and Vache. Haitis former soccer federation president whose lifetime ban from the sport over sexual abuse allegations was overturned last month has announced he is reclaiming his position, Award-winning Haitian broadcaster Michle Montas, who was exiled three times and served as spokesperson for the former United Nations secretary-general, follows the chaos in her country every day from her apartment in New York, Canada says it will send navy vessels to Haiti for intelligence-gathering as part of efforts to quell worsening gang violence in the Caribbean nation, U.S. authorities have arrested four more people in the slaying of Haitian President Jovenel Mose, including the owner of a Miami-area security company that hired former soldiers from Colombia for the mission, In a story published February 9, 2023, about a new U.S. policy stalling adoptions in Haiti, The Associated Press quoted UNICEF in reporting that 1 million children are not going to school as a result of social unrest. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural . On the UN's Human Development Index, Haiti ranked 163 out of 191 countries in 2020. [10], Marc C. McLeod, "Undesirable Aliens: Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism in the Comparison of Haitian and British West Indian Workers in Cuba, 1912-1939." His idea helps re-conceptualize the black insurgent and Spain will be unable to use the argument that the next war is a race war. Haiti vs. Dominican Republic - economy comparison - IndexMundi Compare Countries The U.S. reaction was swift and President Kennedy imposed an embargo that is still in place, even though the Obama administration is taking measure to lift it piece by piece. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions. The most obvious is the country's tourism boom, which is a new, important source of income on the island. But according to the Fidel Castro regime, since 1959, when he took over, this discrimination has stopped. Timeline of Caribbean Prehistory - Precolumbian - ThoughtCo )government consumption: 31.6% (2017 est. )note: data represent racial self-identification from Cuba's 2012 national census. The average life expectancy at birth for the countrys male population. Caribbean Immigrants in the United States - Migration Policy Institute It can be nice to live in big cities or countries, as a larger space may offer more options for residents and visitors. )exports of goods and services: 14.6% (2017 est. )imports: 0 kWh (2020 est. ), urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. )crude oil estimated reserves: 124 million barrels (2021 est. Posted on . Amid the lingering political and institutional crisis, high vulnerability to natural hazards, coupled with violent gangs vying to gain control over business districts, the economy contracted for three consecutive years by 1.7% in 2019, 3.3% in 2020, and 1.8% . Journal of Social History (1998): 599-614., 599, Last edited on 23 December 2022, at 19:48, "Creole Language and Culture: Part of Cuba's Cultural Patrimony", by Susan Hurlich, 21 May 1998. From 1998 to 2010, Cuba performed over 207,000 Surgeries, restored eye sight to 45,000, 14.6 Million patient-doctor consultations, taught 100,000 how to read and helped in the birth of 100,000 children. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became . How was the development of Cuba and Haiti similar and different - BRAINLY Haitis shores are generally rocky, rimmed with cliffs, and indented by a number of excellent natural harbours. Castro, for all of his faults, left a well-educated and proud populace. )wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. How was the development of Cuba and of Haiti similar and different This strayed from the ideals that the right to . )from petroleum and other liquids: 14.636 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )forest: 27.3% (2018 est. )-10.95% (2020 est. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The total amount of public expenditure on education. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 9.5% (2015 est. ), women married by age 15: 4.8%women married by age 18: 29.4%men married by age 18: 5.9% (2019 est. )note: data are in 2016 US dollars, 1.25% (2021 est. The rebels create their own provisional government and designed a strategy to attack the western part of the island, instead of fighting a limited war like the Ten Years War. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. ), total petroleum production: 38,400 bbl/day (2021 est. Haiti | World Food Programme Haiti and Cuba living comparison. Editors note: Second of a three-part series. On top of recent drought and flooding, Haiti is still trying to get back on its feet after the 2010 earthquake. Your email address will not be published. - Haiti's proximity to a tectonic plate boundary helps explain the January 2010 earthquake. The real GDP growth rate represents the year-over-year GDP growth, calculated by taking into account the price fluctuations caused by inflation. The surrounding seas are renowned for their coral reefs. The Eastern European nation helped Cuba along, providing it with oil and other goods it needed. 14.3 years longer life expectancy at birth, 3.18x higher percentage of internet users, 19.5 years lower median age of female population, population with access to improved water sources. Source: Wikipedia, 2023; UNData, 2023. The presence and number of airports shows how good is connection of city with different international destinations and its international accessibility. Bilateral Economic Relations. The conflict with the Spanish helped escalate problems, but eventually a black slave named Toussaint switched sides and helped France drive the Spanish out. Moody's rating: Caa2 (2014)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. [4] Being the subject of stereotypes wasn't uncommon in Cuba, as black Cubans were often stereotyped the same way. The stay is usually short with a period of 30 days. )2.62% (2020 est. Haiti was a French colony, and the final years of the 1791-1804 Haitian Revolution brought a wave of French settlers fleeing with their Haitian slaves to Cuba. The range forms the northern boundary to the narrow Cul-de-Sac Plain, which is immediately adjacent to Port-au-Prince and includes the brackish Lake Saumtre on the Dominican border. Help us by suggesting a value. Jamaica is some 120 miles (190 km) west of the southern peninsula, across the Jamaica Channel, and Great Inagua Island (of The Bahamas) lies roughly 70 miles (110 km) to the north. Another issue Less than a century later, Cuba was on its way towards independence from Spain, although it would take thirty years to gain it. (Spanish)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. )note: folk religions include religions of African origin, spiritualism, and others intermingled with Catholicism or Protestantism; data is estimative because no authoritative source on religious affiliation exists for Cuba, 0-14 years: 16.39% (male 926,457/female 874,347)15-64 years: 66.81% (male 3,692,573/female 3,647,316)65 years and over: 16.8% (2023 est.) )$29.89 billion (31 December 2016 est. The total length of the border between the land area and the sea, including the countrys islands. It rises to 8,773 feet (2,674 metres) at Mount Selle, the highest point in the country. Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution by Ada Ferrer Though there are these similarities, ultimately Saint Domingue (Haiti) succeeded in revolting (though not entirely, perhaps) did not finish their revolution and suffered many setbacks. The two countries share warm relations, and Cuban doctors over the last 20 years have literally saved thousands of Haitian lives working in clinics in far-flung . how was the development of cuba and of haiti different Let us be your passport to Laos and much more. The percentage of the countrys population using the internet. Currently, the worlds population is growing at a rate of approximately 1.07% per year. Can Cuba beat COVID with its homegrown vaccines? )wine: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. These are mainly stone tools similar to the ones from the Yucatan peninsula, suggesting these . However, in their backyard Saint Domingue (present day Haiti, but I will be referring to it by its colonial name unless speaking about it after its revolution) was on its way to a revolution and during the mid to late 1800s multiple wars were fought in Cuba for their independence from their colonial rulers. Both islands were under colonial rule; Saint Domingue overseen by France and Cuba by Spain. 1980 - Around 125,000 Cubans, many of them released convicts, flee to the US. So as Cuba finds itself coming out from under a 50-year embargo, it is worthy to take a look at how the two countries have taken divergent paths and the way forward for both. The price of annual per developer subscription starts from just $311 p.a. The Citadel (Citadelle Laferrire), a fortress built by Haitian ruler Henry Christophe in the early 19th century, stands atop one of the peaks overlooking the city of Cap-Hatien and the narrow coastal plain. The death rate, also called crude death rate, represents the number of annual deaths per 1,000 people at midyear. Haiti will create a financial mechanism to ensure free maternal, newborn and child health services, and develop a plan for human resources in health by 2015. Source: Wikipedia, 2023; city's official stats, 2023. The Artibonite then skirts the Noires Mountains as it flows to the Gulf of Gonve. This led to the war being very limited with very little getting accomplished. [3], Cubans feared a repeat of the Haitian Revolution, which was not quelled by the current guerrilla warfare in Haiti by the caco forces against the Americans. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Thousands took to the streets in towns and cities across the island shouting "freedom" and . Thinking Spatially and Data Analysis - Central Asia - Physical Features and . Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida, total: 110,860 sq kmland: 109,820 sq kmwater: 1,040 sq km, total: 28.5 kmborder countries (1): US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 28.5 kmnote: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and remains part of Cuba, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm, tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October), mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast, highest point: Pico Turquino 1,974 mlowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 mmean elevation: 108 m, cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land, agricultural land: 60.3% (2018 est. One of the biggest flaws in his leadership was the attempt he made at establishing an agricultural system that is all ways represented slavery, only disguised with a different name. However, the influence on Cuba of the Stalinized Marxism imported from the USSR, with its realpolitik political premises, crystallized the shifting Cuban foreign policy into a method that converted necessity into virtue. The Cuban government has begun to make strides in improving certain elements of the ecosystem, including their much-publicized organic farming and new permaculture system. In Cuba's case, rigid central planning and stifling one-party communism are the main culprits, while Haiti is suffering the opposite problem: a slide . republic with two legislative houses (Senate [30]; Chamber of Deputies [99]), Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Haiti, Haiti - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Haiti - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Disgraced ex-Haitian soccer president announces he's back, Ex-UN official: Haitians must be part of solution to chaos, Canada to deploy navy vessels to Haiti as violence worsens, US arrests 4 tied to assassination of Haitian president, Correction: Haiti-US-Stalled Adoptions story. To the west of the capital, near the quakes epicentre, the city of Logne was almost completely ruined. The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Source: Wikipedia, 2023. Both of these nations struggled for decades to gain their independent and achieve their revolutionary objectives. Foreign intervention and debt, political instability, and natural disasters have stymied the Caribbean country's development. Coast Guard has increased migrant patrol off Florida's coast | Miami Herald A Tale of Two Neighbors: Cuba and Haiti - The Haitian Times This is why the French aided the United States revolution during its war of independence against England. For years, many Haitians and their descendants in Cuba did not identify themselves as such or speak Creole. (Cuba), Unknown. Haiti and Cuba were the hardest hit by Sandy outside the US. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. School life expectancy (SLE) represents the number of years of schooling that children are expected to complete. This article offers a sociodemographic profile of Caribbean immigrants, who represent 10 percent of the U.S. foreign-born population and nearly half of all Black immigrants in the United States. Dominican Republic. The Cayes Plain lies on the coast to the southeast of the peak. White slave owners were unhappy with Spain doing this and at the same time the sugar market begins to be flooded with sugar, causing the price to go down. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. South of the Cul-de-Sac Plain is the fourth major range, called the Massif de la Selle in Haiti and the Sierra de Baoruco in the Dominican Republic. Cuba. As a result of efforts begun in December 2014 to reestablish diplomatic relations with the Cuban Government, which were severed in January 1961, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in July 2015. (Haiti). The total length of the navigable inland bodies of water. Essay on Compare And Contrast Cuba And Haiti Revolutions )from coal and metallurgical coke: 28,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Cuba-Haiti relations refer to the bilateral relations between Cuba and Haiti. CUBA Platform: An Open-Source Java Framework for Rapid - DZone A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. how was the development of cuba and of haiti different. Updates? The Organization of American States (OAS) is a multilateral regional body focused on human rights, electoral oversight, social and economic development, and security in the Western Hemisphere . Country comparison: Cuba / Haiti - Worlddata.info Milestones: 1914-1920 - Office of the Historian This was the idea that the authority to govern comes from the people. The Organization of American States - Council on Foreign Relations Haiti Revolts While Cuba Complies: How Revolutionary Movements Differ in Haiti and Cuba Often the term "revolution" makes one think of the Revolutionary War in the American colonies. Due to the United States occupation of Haiti, many Haitians left to find work as laborers in neighboring countries like Cuba. Cuba-Haiti relations - Wikipedia See answer. Haitian culture and French and Haitian Creole languages, first entered Cuba with the arrival of Haitian immigrants at the start of the 19th century. ), total: 4.07 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 4.58 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 3.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. Populous cities or countries usually offer better employment opportunities because of their large economies. Source: Wikipedia, 2023. This resolution will henceforth be the foundation of our constitution. )services: 73.4% (2017 est. Over 3,000 doctors have been sent to Haiti since 1998 and have educated 550 Haitians at Latin American Medical School in Havana with 567 Haitians currently studying at ELAM as of 2010. Although they planned to return to Haiti, most stayed on in Cuba. The third major range, known as the Matheux Mountains (Chane des Matheux) in west-central Haiti and the Trou dEau Mountains (Chane du Trou dEau) farther east, corresponds to the Sierra de Neiba in the Dominican Republic. Cuba's inability to import pesticides and chemical fertilizers has helped to preserve the health of its land. Migration In the Caribbean: Current Trends, Opportunities And Estimates of the number of people killed ranged upward of 200,000, and several hundred thousand others were injured. ), improved: urban: 98.9% of populationrural: 97% of populationtotal: 98.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.1% of populationrural: 3% of populationtotal: 1.5% of population (2020 est. ), Spain 19%, China 15%, Italy 6%, Canada 5%, Russia 5%, United States 5%, Brazil 5% (2019), poultry meat, wheat, soybean products, corn, concentrated milk (2019), $11.35 billion (31 December 2017 est. Most of them refer to the previous year and are updated around March of the . International News | Latest World News, Videos & Photos -ABC News - ABC The ranges western extension on the southern peninsula is called the Massif de la Hotte (Massif du Sud), which rises to 7,700 feet (2,345 metres) at Macaya Peak. What Is SCBI and Why Is It Different? | Institute for Global Change Its tributaries flow eastward and southward through Haitis Central Plateau to a point near the Dominican border, where they join the river proper as it turns westward. )$12,200 (2015 est. To get a better idea of how large the country is, you can compare it with a soccer field, which has 0.007km. Compare And Contrast Latin American Revolutions. A country roughly the size of Maryland, it was a prosperous French colony whose slaves had the temerity to fight and defeat the mighty French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804 after a TK war of independence. )$134.8 billion (2016 est. According to the World Health Organization, there should be more than 2.3 health workers per 1,000 people in order to cover the primary healthcare needs. )solar: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In the eastern part of the island, many Haitians continued to suffer discrimination. ), conventional long form: Republic of Cubaconventional short form: Cubalocal long form: Republica de Cubalocal short form: Cubaetymology: name derives from the Taino Indian designation for the island "coabana" meaning "great place", name: Havanageographic coordinates: 23 07 N, 82 21 Wtime difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lightingetymology: the sites of Spanish colonial cities often retained their original Taino names; Habana, the Spanish name for the city, may be based on the name of a local Taino chief, HABAGUANEX, 15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara, 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence, Triumph of the Revolution (Liberation Day), 1 January (1959), history: several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019amendments: proposed by the National Assembly of Peoples Power; passage requires approval of at least two-thirds majority of the National Assembly membership; amendments to constitutional articles on the authorities of the National Assembly, Council of State, or any rights and duties in the constitution also require approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on the Cuban political, social, and economic system cannot be amended, civil law system based on Spanish civil code, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: unknown, chief of state: President Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 19 April 2018); Vice President Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (since 10 October 2019)head of government: Prime Minister Manuel MARRERO Cruz (since 21 December 2019); Deputy Prime Ministers Ramiro VALDES Menendez, Ines Maria CHAPMAN Waugh, Jorge Luis TAPIA Fonseca, Alejandro GIL Fernandez, Ricardo CABRISAS Ruiz (since 21 December 2019), and Jorge Luis PERDOMO DI-LELLA (since 20 April 2021)cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president and appointed by the National Assemblyelections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (may be reelected for another 5-year term); election last held on 10 October 2019 (next to be held NA)election results: 2019: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.1%2018: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 100%note - on 19 April 2018, DIAZ-CANEL succeeded Raul CASTRO as president of the Councils of State and Ministers; on 10 October 2019 he was elected to the newly created position of President of the Republic, which replaced the position of President of the Councils of State and Ministers, description: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular (605 seats; (586 seats filled in 2021); members directly elected by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note 1 - the National Candidature Commission submits a slate of approved candidates; to be elected, candidates must receive more than 50% of valid votes otherwise the seat remains vacant or the Council of State can declare another election; note 2 - in July 2019, the National Assembly passed a law which reduces the number of members from 605 to 474, effective with the 2023 general electionelections: last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in early 2023)election results: Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed; composition (as of June 2021) - men 273, women 313, percent of women 53.4%, highest court(s): People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges); organization includes the State Council, criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts)judge selection and term of office: professional judges elected by the National Assembly are not subject to a specific term; lay judges nominated by workplace collectives and neighborhood associations and elected by municipal or provincial assemblies; lay judges appointed for 5-year terms and serve up to 30 days per yearsubordinate courts: People's Provincial Courts; People's Regional Courts; People's Courts, Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez], ACP, ALBA, AOSIS, CELAC, EAEU (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lianys TORRES RIVERA (since 14 January 2021)chancery: 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 797-8515 through 8518FAX: [1] (202) 797-8521email address and website: recepcion@usadc.embacuba.cuhttp://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/en/usa, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Timothy ZUNIGA-BROWN (since 31 July 2020)embassy: Calzada between L & M Streets, Vedado, Havanamailing address: 3200 Havana Place, Washington DC 20521-3200telephone: [53] (7) 839-4100FAX: [53] (7) 839-4247email address and website: acshavana@state.govhttps://cu.usembassy.gov/, five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; the blue bands refer to the three old divisions of the island: central, occidental, and oriental; the white bands describe the purity of the independence ideal; the triangle symbolizes liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the red color stands for the blood shed in the independence struggle; the white star, called La Estrella Solitaria (the Lone Star) lights the way to freedom and was taken from the flag of Texasnote: design similar to the Puerto Rican flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed, royal palm; national colors: red, white, blue, name: "La Bayamesa" (The Bayamo Song)lyrics/music: Pedro FIGUEREDOnote: adopted 1940; Pedro FIGUEREDO first performed "La Bayamesa" in 1868 during the Ten Years War against the Spanish; a leading figure in the uprising, FIGUEREDO was captured in 1870 and executed by a firing squad; just prior to the fusillade he is reputed to have shouted, "Morir por la Patria es vivir" (To die for the country is to live), a line from the anthem, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (7 cultural, 2 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Old Havana (c); Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios (c); San Pedro de la Roca Castle (c); Desembarco del Granma National Park (n); Viales Valley (c); Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations (c); Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (n); Historic Cienfuegos (c); Historic Camagey (c), still largely state-run planned economy, although privatization increasing under new constitution; widespread protests due to lack of basic necessities and electricity; massive foreign investment increases recently; known tobacco exporter; unique oil-for-doctors relationship with Venezuela; widespread corruption, $137 billion (2017 est.
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