1 She had been promised in her 1830 revelation: "Thy time shall be given to writing, and to learning much." 2 She probably gathered hymns from her hometown newspaper as well as other papers and denominational hymnals. According to the official narrative, Emma stayed behind in Nauvoo rather than joining the majority of the Saints in Utah because she was a widow caring for five young children and Josephs aging mother, not because she believed that, as she expressed it at the time, the Twelve have made bogus of it.. Emma and Joseph eloped on January 18, 1827, in South Bainbridge, New York, and then went to live with the Smith family. Her family stayed behind after the Saints went West, and Elizabeth eventually remarried, the same year that Emma remarried. Quincy, he said, was full of memberseven though Saints were scattering out from there almost constantly. On February 19 the committee sent Charles Bird to visit Caldwell County and William Huntington Far West to determine how many families still needed assistance to move and to solicit means to help them. I asked my mother one day, why don't Grandma laugh with her eyes like you do, and my mother said because she has a deep sorrow in her heart. "I will suggest that she didn't change. John marked time until his family and his mother and brothers could join him in Quincy. "Of these 13 locations, only four of them could be called her own," Delewski said. Joseph Smith, when asked, advised leaders to obtain properties where the Saints could collect rather than scatter, and he developed Nauvoo to be the next gathering place.[115]. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? [94], In the dark the group reached Tenneys Grove and there added to their group the last company of the poor needing help to reach Quincy. Because of his position in the Illinois militia, he was often referred to as "Major" Bidamon. Who Is Leaving the Church? - BYU Studies We all use history to suit our purposes, and Emma simply did not suit the purposes of the LDS Church in the years following her husbands death. [56] Daniel Stillwell Thomas Family History, 2729. We finally got across, and we were so glad, for before we reached the other side, the river had started to swell and break up. [102] See Missouri Republican (St. Louis), May 3, 1839. Mormons had a divorce rate of about 1 percent. Your email address will not be published. [61] That same day, Eliza R. Snow and relatives, who had wintered seven miles from Far West, started for Illinois. View our community standards here. President Sidney Rigdon, Bishop Edward Partridge, and a few others felt the Saints could avoid problems like the ones they had in Missouri by spreading out rather than gathering together into Latter-day Saint communities. The response, signed by Elias Higbee and John P. Greene, stated that if we should say what our present wants are, it would be beyond all calculation; as we have been robbed of our corn, wheat, horses, cattle, cows, hogs, wearing apparel, houses and homes. Twenty widows were entirely destitute. However, the LDS church cites Fanny as Smith's first plural wife, noting that the pair married in Kirtland, Ohio in the mid-1830s, when Smith would have been about 30 himself. Why did Joseph Smith marry women who were already married - LDS answers Emma Smith's personality and background, her almost nomadic search for a home, the loss of so many she loved and the stresses of plural marriage all played a part in her decision to remain in Nauvoo. Emma did, from time to time, offer approval of specific marriages. . 1856Emma takes in orphaned Elizabeth Agnes Kendall, eight years old, and rears her as her own daughter . How many wives did Joseph Smith have LDS? Events unfolded rapidly, with men from the neighboring towns staging raids on Nauvoo, trying to once again, drive out the Saints and claim their. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. She was told that her calling was to be a support and comfort to . Emma's brothers and sisters were all named after family members, either on her mother's side or her father's. How Orrin Hatch protected people of faith, KSL Newsradio is preparing to celebrate its 100th anniversary. That did not stop Emma, a visionary woman in her own sense of the word. Within three weeks, the press got wind of the authors ecclesiastical silencing and began to report about itthereby tripling sales of the book. However, President Young advised the Saints to gather in order to help each other better. [9] The men split into two groups to avoid attention. These include the petitions for redress, prison letters, other correspondence, diaries, autobiographies and memoirs, pamphlets, newspaper articles, and a mass of official Missouri government records. Smith's wives were believed to be between the ages of 20 and 40 at the time they were "sealed" or married to him. I am already engaged on the other side.'[4]. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Joseph Smith, Jr. was born on 23 December 1805, in Sharon, Vermont. Joseph was susceptible to vomiting anyway. Emma died in Nauvoo on April 30, 1879, at age 75. [108] According to calculations found in Samuel H. Williamson, Six Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1790 to Present, MeasuringWorth, 2008, a dollar in the year 2007 is 29.99 times what a dollar is 1839 was worth based on consumer price indexes. [58] Hartley, My Best for the Kingdom, 8790. The weather was cold and severe, with snow to the depth of 1 foot. Because the Missouri militia wanted to arrest him, he fled from home on November 2, leaving Caroline and the children to fend as best they could. 6, p. 408-412 it records an "Address of the Prophet" on Sunday, May 26, 1844 where Joseph Smith states: "What a thing it is for a man to be accused of committing adultery, and having seven wives, when I can only . A woman should give her greatest priority to her home: her husband, her family, and the opportunity to child-bearing. Winter exposure and food shortages in Caldwell County and during exodus caused health problems for many and a host of deaths during 1839. They pulled out of Far West on February 18, leaving behind a house and farm. Emmas role in Mormon history is as enigmatic as ever. All but the youngest two had to walk every step of the entire distance. They were almost barefooted and some had to wrap their feet in clothes in order to keep them from freezing and protect them from the sharp points of the frozen ground. Son John, nine, later said that often the blood from our feet marked the frozen earth.[57]. Food was scarce, and housing inadequate. Jeremy's response was an 84-page document that came to be known as the "CES Letter.". Her financial state was precarious because there had not been a clear line between the family money and the church money, with Joseph often going into debt to help support the church. Baggage filled the wagon, so Martha and Caroline sometimes took turns riding next to Abraham, the driver, while the other walked with and carried children. He raised his hand and stopped me saying Hush, Hush. Huntington said that Joseph had come by ferryboat about 8:00 a.m. and was drest in an old pair of boots full of holes, pants torn, tucked inside of boots, blue cloak with collar turned up, wide brim black hat, rim sloped down, not been shaved for some time, looked pale & haggard. Dimick asked if he wished to see his father and mother, but Joseph wanted to see Emma and the children first. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. A Collection of Sacred Hymns for the Church of the Latter Day Saints, https://www.lds.org/music/index/hymns/title-tune-meter?lang=eng&_r=1, https://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/HTML/what_is_meter.htm. FAIR is controlled and operated by the Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research (FAIR). [55] Martha and the children reached the Quincy side and waited, sitting at night on their bed, wrapped in bed clothes and shivering in the cold wind until Daniel arrived. However, the hymns Emma selected were particularly special. Mormon Church Admits Founder Joseph Smith Had Up To 40 Wives : The Two-Way : NPR. He helped shepherd Saints across Missouri by advancing with one part of the camp as rapidly and as far as possible and then returning with the teams to move others out. We put our goods into the wagon a second time, but the wagon was wanted for Emma and her family, so our goods were again taken out.[48] Stephen Markham, a member of the Committee of Removal, helped Emma Smith leave on February 7. [31] Smith, History of the Church, 3:25054. Grant Building She handled nearly every trial with grace. Copyright 1997-2023 by The Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. It was that she hated polygamy and flatly refused to countenance its presence among the Mormon people. 7 Are Joseph and Emma Smiths descendants Latter-day Saints? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Five reasons best explain why Saints moved during winter conditions: (1) by January, armed patrols were showing up and threatening the Saints, so in the January 26 public meeting the people agreed to begin moving immediately; (2) the Saints had been told that Joseph Smith would not be released from prison until they all had left Missouri, so the sooner that happened, the better;[39] (3) individuals were running out of food and supplies; (4) in February, Far West experienced some stretches of weather that seemed favorable for traveling; and (5) wagons going to Illinois and then returning to take others needed four to six weeks to make the two trips before the late March deadline. When it entered his stomach he went to the door and threw it off. But the way Emmas story is carefully sculpted reveals as much about gender expectations and religious norms in our own era as it did when Brigham Young declared her mormona non grata. He could scarcely refrain from weeping.[105], Once safely in Illinois, the Saints still had some unfinished business related to their expulsion from Missouri. Training experience for 1846 exodus. [96] Manuscript History of Brigham Young, Church History Library, 28. Its almost as if youre holding the hymnbook in your own hands. Shortly after her baptism in July 1830, Emma Smithwas called by God to compile a hymnbook to edify the Church. The Thomas family stayed strong in the faith and emigrated to Utah in 1849. She comforted other women, instructed them, and helped them to build their own faith. [95] At that point, Brigham Young felt that the covenant to move the poor Saints had been fulfilled: We had entered into a covenant to see the poor Saints all moved out of Missouri to Illinois, that they might be delivered out of the hands of such vile persecutors, and we spared no pains to accomplish this object until the Lord gave us the desires of our heart. And where shall they be sent? the newspaper asked. . Elder Young, when his life seemed in danger, left Far West for Illinois on February 14, but Elder Kimball stayed behind to help with the removals.[38]. Add an RSC shortcut to this device's Homescreen, In the menu, scroll past any icons and tap. [54] The Saints Petition to Congress, November 1839, in Smith, History of the Church, 4:2438; the mention of bloody footsteps is on p. 36. The old man for whom John taught school treated them generously. In fact, he generally took another man with him or even asked a father or brother to approach the woman. Its a beautiful article, but its not a fully honest one; polygamy is not mentioned once anywhere. Emmas disappearance from LDS history was so total that Linda says when she and Valeen co-authored an article about her for the Ensign in 1979, it was the first writing about her to appear in any official church publication in 113 years. Every thing my family took with them out of Missouri, could have been packed on the backs of two horses; the mob took all the rest.[52]. 11. Despite her parents disapproval, she eventually eloped. Emma Smith The essentialeven phenomenalrole Emma played in bringing forth the Book of Mormon has been re-examined on many fronts. At the time, the First Presidency consisted of Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, and Hyrum Smith, who had replaced Frederick G. Williams as second counselor in the First Presidency in November 1837. . Her family was fairly well-off financially, and so Emma was well-educated for a woman of her time. [7] William G. Hartley, My Best for the Kingdom: The History and Autobiography of John Lowe Butler, a Mormon Frontiersman (Salt Lake City: Aspen Books, 1993), 8184; Baugh, A Call to Arms, 39296. In the same year, Smith founded the Church of Christlater known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintsin Fayette Township. We are a volunteer organization. The Saints persecution in several states and then expulsion by order of a state governor helps explain why they obtained a charter for a self-defensive city-state in Nauvoo with the Nauvoo Legion; why some Saints justified retaliation against persecutors; why many gladly exited the United States and headed toward Mexican territory in 1846; and why many Saints, if not the Church, expressed distaste for judges, courts, deputies, the federal army during the Utah War, and antipolygamy laws. Leaders compiled these petitions and affidavits and presented them three times, possibly four, to U.S. president Martin Van Buren and to Congress, but the federal government refused to act on them.[109]. In time, most of the houses were torn down for firewood or hauled away. 590-592: Stephen M. Veazey, Prophet-President of - Mormon Stories Emma, be patient, you shall have all of your children, he assured her gently. Six of 11 children had died: Alvin, twins Thadeus and Louisa, Joseph Murdock, Don Carlos and Thomas. On March 5, Bishop Edward Partridge reported in Quincy that ice had been running for three days so that no one could cross the Mississippi. Her heartaches were very real and would have been a challenge to any woman, particularly without the lens of understanding time brings. Tied to her waist were heavy bags containing Josephs papers. She worked hard to support his mission. The next day, Richards wrote that Joseph was "busy with domestic concerns." She said she was sorry to see the Mormons suffer so much and be driven from their homes. The exodus from Missouri generated a rich store of documents and records. He covered Joseph Smith's reluctance for years to keep this commandment of the Lord and how it was also very difficult for Emma Smith. It's Official: Mormon Founder Had Up to 40 Wives She, like others who knew him well, saw an innate intelligence, a willingness to work very hard, and great integrity. On this same day, there was a skirmish between the mob and the Saints west of Big Blue River. But Brigham died before she had the opportunity to speak with him. . Emma Hale Smith was the seventh of nine children. [6], In the exodus, Mormon militiamen were the first to leaveor rather escape. May 1831 New York branches arrive in Ohio. She said, The teams were puffing and the wagons dragging so heavily that we were all on foot, tugging along as best we could.[63], During Zera Pulsiphers exodus that March, he and his son-in-law lost horses. Brigham Young, in danger from anti-Mormons, joined the exodus on February 14. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Joseph.[103] Perrigrine Sessions said that Joseph being there gave us much joy to see his face among the Saints and here the voice of inspiration that flowed from his lips this caused our drooping spirits to revive as we were like sheap with out a shepherd that had been scatered in a cloudy and dark day.[104] After Joseph heard the congregation enthusiastically sing the hymn Zion, City of Our God, Wandle Mace observed that Joseph rose to speak but had difficulty controlling his emotions: To look upon the Saints who had been driven from their homes, and scattered as they were, among strangers, without homes, robbed of everything, and to see them under all these trying circumstances assemble to this General Conference from all the region around, and sing of Zion, the city of our God, with so much spirit, showing their love and confidence in the gospel, and the pleasure he felt in meeting with them. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of FAIR, its officers, directors or supporters. When the two authors began piecing together Emmas life, there was only one small manila folder about her in the entire LDS Archives. [82] Lucy Smith said ladies in Quincy sent them every delicacy which the city afforded.[83] Residents proffered employment. At the time of the third printing, however, Vals bishop received a call from a higher-up in Salt Lake who said that two girls had written a book about Emma Smith and were not to be invited to speak about the topic in sacrament meetings. . [120] Levi W. Hancock petition in Johnson, Mormon Redress Petitions, 225. Answer (1 of 10): At the time of her husbands death, not much changed. [45] The Mosiah Hancock Journal (Salt Lake City: reprint by Pioneer Press, n.d.), 11. He remained her companion until her death on 30 April 1879 at the age of 75 in Nauvoo. [90], By mid-April, the mobs lost patience with the Saints still in Caldwell County. [98] Alex Baugh, We Took a Change of Venue for the State of Illinois: The Gallatin Hearing and the Escape of Joseph Smith and the Mormon Prisoners from Missouri, April 1839, in A City of Refuge, 3166. Her husband Joseph Smith had been killed in 1844, and after his death Emma Smith decided to remain in Nauvoo. Although their marriage was often troubled following the introduction of polygamy, Emma continued to care for Joseph. Print. She stood by her husband even when they faced strains in their marriage. Survey explains reasons why Mormons leave fold 4, Missouri (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2004), 28889, 361, 402. . Joseph Smith documented liar - LDS Facts in getting one single wagon to convey beds, clothing, and provisions for our family, and luggage. [41] Jesse and Whittaker, Albert Perry Rockwood Journal, 34. They got some better, Caroline said. Being forced from Missouri posed a test of faith that most Saints passed, but some failed, as the extended Knight family illustrates. Throughout the years, she has remained a complex topic for both Mormons and non-Mormons. The way that current materials deal with the conflict with Brigham Young is . The Apostles group arrived at Far West soon after midnight on April 26. Levis nearly five-year-old son Mosiah recalled, The snow was deep enough to take me to the middle of the thigh, and I was bare footed and in my shirt tail. They hitched their horse old Tom to the cart, Mosiah said, and father drove the horse and carried the rifle on his shoulder. [103] Kenney, Wilford Woodruffs Journal, 1:330, entry for May 4, 1839. Why (and how) Were Latter-day Saints Forced Out of Jackson County Anson Call. Governor Boggs infamous extermination order remained a stain on Missouris character for 137 years until June 25, 1976, when Missouri governor Christopher S. Bond signed an executive order rescinding it. She also learned how to cook and be a good host when her parents ran a boarding house. Joseph and Emma adopt the Murdock twins nine days after birth. She moved from Pennsylvania to New York to Ohio to Missouri and then Illinois. [5] Gentry, Latter-day Saints in Northern Missouri, 32527; Alexander L. Baugh, A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri (PhD diss., Brigham Young University, 1996), 34047. So she made a deal with Abraham O. Smoot and Martha, his bride of three months. Modern DNA has ruled out all children Fran Brodie had proposed were his through other marriages. Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith . Alpheus Cutler placed it in position. Mormon regard for Quincy. While at LDS Living, she particularly enjoyed diving into the past and writing articles about little-known Church history stories or the Salt Lake Temple, though she wrote about a variety of topics. Were most of her songs from her Methodist tradition, or did she draw more broadly? Brigham also doubtless considered Emma dishonest and a liar because she continued to insist that her husband had never taught the doctrine of plural marriage. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Caroline said that at one point that winter, Joseph Smith got word to Emma to send him quilts or bed clothes. John Lowe Butler, thirty, and wife Caroline, twenty-six, converts in Kentucky three years earlier, lived in Mirabile just south of Far West with their four children. After Joseph Smith died, Emma Smith moved away from Nauvoo for about six months before returning. Then, because it was planting season, they moved about ten miles out and rented a farm. And even when people did leave, they left reverently, speaking only in whispers. the Gospel Doctrine manual for church history. H. Redmond, History of Quincy and Its Men of Mark (Quincy, IL: Heirs and Russell, 1863), 15; Richard E. Bennett, Quincythe Home of Our Adoption: A Study of the Mormons in Quincy, Illinois, 18381839, 8788, and Susan Easton Black, QuincyA City of Refuge, 69, in A City of Refuge. To his military leaders, it decreed, The Mormons must be treated as enemies and must be exterminated or driven from the state, if necessary for the public good.[2] Four days later, that order reached Church leaders and members in northwest Missouri. Louis. One mobber shot a cow and, while it was still alive, skinned off a strip of hide from its nose to its tail, and tied his horse to a stump with it. Mary Audentia Smith Anderson. Joseph Smith in Northern Missouri, 1838 - Religious Studies Center Such souls will have to suffer for the ill treatment of the Saints, he wrote, adding that they need not think that they will escape, for the Lord is just and He will punish those that have ill treated His children (Hartley, My Best for the Kingdom, 89). It does not store any personal data. Here Samuel had hired a house and we moved into it, with four other families.[53]. Emma was baptized in Colesville, New York, on June 28, 1830. [70], Saints chose to go to Quincy for several reasons. Mormon Church Admits Founder Joseph Smith Had Up To 40 Wives What happened to Emma Smith? The streets and city square became corn fields. [49] Brother Markham then drove the wagon back to Far West to bring others out. had not heard anything from me during this time, neither dare I write to [them].[68], At a March 17 meeting, Saints in Quincy heard a letter read from the Committee of Removal in Far West asking for teams & money for the removing of fifty families of poor Saints from far west to Quincy.[69] On March 29 the committee in Quincy wrote to their counterparts in Far West sympathizing with their extreme labor and travail to move out the last poor Saints. Hundreds still lacked the means to leave. The Smith family. LM is long meter, CM is common meter, and so forth. . Richard Neitzel Holzapfel and Kent P. Jackson (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2010), 34790. After a quick Google search, I found out that PM probably stands for peculiar meter. I hadnt heard of that before, and it isnt in the current edition of the LDS hymnbook. Emma and her family were forced to leave the state with the majority of Latter . In Daviess County on Caldwell Countys north side, Saints had begun building about 150 log houses at Adam-ondi-Ahman, and as many as 1,500 Saints in total lived in Daviess County. A painting by C. C. A. Christensen, Exodus of the Saints from Missouri, is the only depiction the author has seen of winter exodus experience. What did Lucy Mack Smith say about Emma Smith? A woman living in a nearby house ran to find out what was wrong. But only three of the two dozen adults in Knight family network faltered. Delewski shared many of the words used to describe Emma: "Quick wit and pleasant personality," "intelligence," "fearless integrity," "kindness of heart," "discretion," "benevolent," "hospitable," "motherly in nature to young people," "very high-spirited," "dignified," "courage," "zeal," "patience," "no gossiper," "commanding presence" and "innate refinement.".
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