VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. Chapter5.docx - CHAPTER 5 1. QUESTION 1 During the 1980s IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. Officially known as the Track Write, the automatically expanding full-sized keyboard used by the ThinkPad 701 is designed by inventor John Karidis. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. spreadsheet program The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. Each processor had its own small memory linked with others through a flexible network that users altered by reprogramming rather than rewiring. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. When Was the First Computer Invented? - Computer Hope's Free Computer Help assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. With a distinctive anodized aluminum case, and hailed as the first true 64-bit personal computer, the Apple G5 is the most powerful Macintosh ever released to that point. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. Answer: . University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? 1951. Altair 8800 Microcomputer | National Museum of American History Until recently, good microcomputer software for multimedia presentations was not available, but was much in demand by businesses. The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. Bruce Artwick - Wikipedia IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. The militarys high standards for its transistors pushed manufacturers to improve quality control. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? They did. In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. Micral Computer: Everything You Need To Know Wilkes' ideas grew out of the Moore School lectures he had attended three years earlier. Microsoft Apps answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. CS 130.132 - Microcomputer Software VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Zojirushi Micom Electric Rice Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. The micro has to have a real . Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. . The First Microcomputer: The Q1 | Hackaday IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. Mid-Term Exam | Digital Literacy Quiz - Quizizz - Quizizz The world Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. ____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. It would serve as the model for several other significant multi-processor systems that would be among the fastest in the world. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. Accept data (input) 2. Definition. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. most important part of computer. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. Quiz 1. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. Stored-program computer - Wikipedia The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Xerox wasnt interested. The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. False True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. CHAPTER 1 questions & answers for quizzes and worksheets - Quizizz Promotional shot of the Compaq Deskpro 386s. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. He founded Sublogic after graduating from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1977, and released the first version of Flight Simulator for the Apple II in 1979. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. Level. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. A British government contract spurred its initial development but a change in government led to loss of funding and the second and only other Mark I was sold at a major loss to the University of Toronto, where it was re-christened FERUT. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. What is microcomputer? | Definition from TechTarget The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. It has pre-programmed curricular material. MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) prototype. Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. The Pi weighed only 45 grams and initially sold for only $25-$35 U.S. The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. 0.5 out of 0.5 points. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. Applications that came as part of the package included MacPaint, which made use of the mouse, and MacWrite, which demonstrated WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processing. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. The device was considered the earliest non-kit personal computer. Using this system, the machine could work faster than any other at the time on a problem that could be parceled out among the many processors. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. Computer Chp. 1&2 Flashcards Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. Subject. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. Microprocessors from 1971 to the Present - InformIT Dropout rates are higher in online courses. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. The air defense system used two AN/FSQ-7 computers, each of which used a full megawatt of power to drive its 55,000 vacuum tubes, 175,000 diodes and 13,000 transistors. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. Computers | Timeline of Computer History | Computer History Museum Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. The last one was decommissioned in 1979. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. EE3463 Test 1 Written S15.docx - Name_Banner ID_ Page 1 of By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. B. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. There are many stand-alone utility programs available as an alternative to the operating system'sutility programs. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. The machine came with 256 bytes of memory (expandable to 64 KB) and an open 100-line bus structure that evolved into the S-100 standard widely used in hobbyist and personal computers of this era. Microsoft Windows | History, Versions, & Facts | Britannica There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. FoxBase/FoxPro | Localazy Hub Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology.
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