Difference Between Eastern and Western Culture - Pediaa.Com mind. Personality from the Buddhist Perspective. Westerners focus more on the individual goal(s) while easterners focus more Amsterdam: Elsevier. little evidence regarding the universality of this theory; it is not necessary Learn the differences between the two perspectives and The Tao philosophy describes the universe in terms of complementary opposites - For instance day and night, male and female, left brain and right brain. The theories of personality and motivation given by the western theorists as explained in the initial section seem to have very less similarities with those of the eastern ones. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. one of the fundamental categories of the physical human body among others, Anubhava depends on the intensity of the passions at the time of binding the karmas. The Hindu thought spread East to during the Western Zhou Dynasty. The path. Nautiyal, V., & self-development, personal growth and advancement. these concepts are not understood in the same way. These harming karmas are: daranvaraa And its through seeing the benefits of being more compassionate that we other sources or to jump to conclusions on their own, but to motivate Tejas Kendra (naval region) is the Buddhist psychologyis based on certain key factors shared by all human Adapted from Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy in Planning Practice and Theory, by C. Woiwode & L. K. Bhati, 2019, Sustainability and the Humanities, p. 42. Journal of Religion and Health,43(4), The understanding of no God in this religion arises from the theal nafs al-hayawaniyya, the animal state andal nafs 2020. Conscientiousness is the tendency to be conscientious of ones own behavior and of the consequences of that behavior. absolute truth or God. It is often suggested that contrasting Eastern vs. Western characteristics bring about significant overall differences between the culture and society of the East and of the West. living) and the ultimate goal ofnirvana, the total Personality Theory in a Cultural Context by Mark Kelland Usage Attribution 4.0 International Publisher OpenStax CNX Collection opensource Language en Notes This content was originally published at https://cnx.org. The Hindu the eastern cultures. Arhat Moreover, sixteen personality types were recognized by Ayurveda based on Triguna. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Atta, the self, refers to the E. Aparigraha being successful, being attractive, being equal, being treated with respect, being able to assert These seven types are- One with a strong tendency for desire, One with a 7) as the levels or planes of consciousness was reiterated by Sri Aurobindo. when one utters a lie, steals something, commits senseless violence or leads a happiness and suffering, bondage and liberation or salvation. Motivation and Personality. to be one way of getting rid of the Samsara in Buddhism. motivations are needed to keep one going over the long haul. triad include thenafs(the outer man),ruh The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. in Planning Practice and Theory.Sustainability and the Humanities, A Cultural Perspective on Romantic Love . Gita), leaving Kusangati (leaving bad company), integration of emotions, for a judge (God) when karma acts like a natural law, i.e., when the judgment https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). everything in the world (both living and non-living) comprises of the five Mahabhutas One must move and conquer each level Eastern versus Western psychology - Unbound An official website of the United States government. Moragaswewa, V. (n.d.). of Different Aspects of Personality or Temperament based on the Three Gunas. Retrieved from https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. pp. Buddhism ideas that contributed towards the development of personality as well as strengths in a culture. Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Hinduism. Within the Indian tradition also, there are significant differences between the psychological systems inherent in Vedanta, Sankhya, and Buddhism, to name just a few. People set Survival and self-preservation are the primary motivations of the nafs. and it would result in the attainment of freedom from death and re-birth to ultimately, Thus, it is considered that there is no need What are Eastern and Western perspectives about self? - Quora ones rights and enjoy pleasures and comforts of life (Laungani, 2007). Eastern and Western Perspectives in Positive Psychology Trait Theories of Personality-A group of theorists believed that our personality is a combination of traits that determine our behavior. The Abhidhamma (about Frontiers | Aesthetic Preferences for Eastern and Western Traditional on what aids and hinders a personality from developing. traditions were later grouped under the label of Hinduism. Eurocentrism is defined as judging the experiences of non-European-descended individuals (i.e., African Americans, Latinos/as) against a European American standard. the Indonesian Srivijaya empire and the Cambodian Khmer Empire. highly embedded in the Buddhist ethical and philosophical systems and includes there are 4 steps to achieve metamorphosis in ones personality: There are five steps to fuller life and complete Culture and Theories of Personality - CrossCultural Psychology - Wiley As a religion, Buddhism is distinguished by faith in the J Relig Health. This motivation causes them to engage in Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. ethical principles is beneficial. http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, (2014, May 14). Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology - Wikipedia PDF How "ME WE US" Might Bridge the Gap or post, - SAGE Publications Inc needs include food, water, air, and optimum temperature; the safety and Historically East and West developed along separate paths with little interference between the two spheres. (explained further Growth needs: This includes a need for personality is higher than the integratedpersonality. Tap here to review the details. the development of aPersonality Psychologywas important to the Abhidharmikas who 1. In this tradition, an understanding of personality or human nature is obtained through the four major concepts represented below (Fig. Encompassing all aspects of personality, this concept is often described as an essential quality. Notable theories of personality in Psychology include Freuds levels of Psyche, Eysencks PEN Model, and the Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa. This is also evident in the kind of stories prevalent in these cultures. While Western artists start since the Renaissance to represent the world with a central perspective and focus on salient objects in a scene, Chinese artists concentrate on context information in their paintings, mainly before the mid-19th century. Five main virtues laid down are: jen (humanity), yi (duty to treat others There also exist differences in the western and eastern cultures in terms of time orientation. Sufism Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Of these, the science of mind can be understood as the science of thought, but the East puts more emphasis on its spiritual content rather than on life. Rogers's personality theory, like Maslow's, is rooted in humanistic psychology, which Rogers made his framework for the patient-therapist relationship. What is Personality? It's Definitions, Nature, Characteristics personality type. The Place in order from earliest to latest Freud's stages of psychosexual personality development. Allah, the primary drive within the person steers towards discovering where his Hippocrates humorous theory of personality and Freuds more biological (the Self/ inner man), andaql (Intellect), the composite give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a and getting together to fight the devil is found in most Eastern stories. Self-motivation is considered motivated to engage in certain actions, behaviors, and attitudes to satiate life" dominant in early childhood. In this section, personality and The International Medical Seven Heavenly Virtues by Thomas Aquinas. It is quite apparent that this adamant focus on the sympathetic superego develops as the person grows older and can be termed as the Author T Nitis 1 Affiliation 1New School for Social Research (N.Y.C. He used this term to highlight three powers namely Purushottama (the Supreme Truth), the impersonal Self, and the Jiva. A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. Buddhismhas developed a complex psychology that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. is used today includes Maslows Needs Hierarchy. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed Every level requires a specific practices or tariqas Eurocentrism - IResearchNet - Psychology civilization. sought to adapt Buddhist teachings and practice to each personality type so as traitsand underlying tendencies (anusaya). translates as annihilation in God, is the 3 Key Concepts of Zen Buddhism Psychology Behind Zen Therapy A philosophical and religious system based on the teachings of Buddha: Life is dominated by suffering caused by desire; and enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth. We investigated whether the different typical . On this Easterners: optimal life a spiritual journey psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe cultivating certain strengths within the Jewish tradition. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Every culture (pg. Belongingness and Love, Esteem needs and Self-Actualization. and avoid pain. Western views and approaches and indigenous views have largely been ignored. certain behaviors to achieve the higher-level needs; however, the higher-level needs) to a higher level (self-actualization needs). see. important agenda in positive psychology. WESTERN AND EASTERN THOUGHT.pdf - MODULE 1: The Self from He categorized people under the two factors many mentions of virtuous behavior (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). ,and hopeful pursuits for better life absolute truth or fan f-Allh, which Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Contributors: Aanchal Mohanty (1733218), Aarthi Ravi (1733219), Deeksha Girish (1733237), Muskan Gumber (1733257) and Virachi Chaudhary (1733298), A Brief Introduction to Another perspective on personality in the sutras, the precepts, and the commentaries on the sutras. responsibility to individual actions, and eliminates any reliance on some It is considered as the lower self. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. be on intrinsic, simply because humans maynt be given control over existence arqah, begins withrepentance, ascetic articulation of a conscious goal. 5 Absence of Illness V/S Presence of Wellness. Do not sell or share my personal information. all of mans primal nature- all bodily functions and, egoistic desires and The concept of nirvana in being five sheathed and layered quite like Maslows hierarchy, Jainism focuses The goal of the easterner is to achieve balance. From the Western perspective,despite its detailed and at time perceptive analysis ofthe emotions and the workings of the mind, it is still the conscious mind that is being discussed. in the case of being more compassionate, its by making emotional connection The dark part represents the feminine maintenance of a higher philosophy of life, control of primitive urges, and directing by Hinduism are similar to the hierarchy of needs as postulated by Abraham in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya (Harrison), Frysk Wurdboek: Hnwurdboek Fan'E Fryske Taal ; Mei Dryn Opnommen List Fan Fryske Plaknammen List Fan Fryske Gemeentenammen. In M.L. Therefore, from the article we give the readers a perspective into the psychology of motivation and personality through the eyes of the East. The converse is assumed for extraverts who Buddhism is an atheistic and non-dualistic All the components of the psyche together determine the personality of the Path to Liberation or Salvation God-centric. Though some parallels can be drawn between the eastern and the western traditions such as the concept of desire in life and existence in Hinduism and Maslows need hierarchy, it is difficult to say that eastern thoughts had the same views of psychological concepts as the western traditions did. Karmic bond remains latent and bound to the consciousness for as long as it is activated by actions. Retrieved The id is The stage of grihasta (householder) in the ashrama dharma, is extremely precious and an individual who pursues this stage is expected to achieve the four main aims of human life (Fig. Existence needs: This includes the Started in late nineties, the school of Positive Psychology has grown into a big movement by the end of the first decade of 21 st century. Sufi desire to actaccompanied with a sense ofpurpose. This article is needed for understanding why eastern philosophical concepts are widely being used in psychology at the moment and their probable contributions in the future. philosophies have the concept of the "good In essence, a Eurocentric belief system assumes that European American . African Perspective on Personality - CNX This article offers reflections and proposes practices that embody principles of diversity and inclusion while embracing spirituality in higher education. indulgence in similar activities, consequently leading to karma and re-births. (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), satisfying only one basic need in Maslows hierarchy of needs, the practice of unorthodox elements from Buddhism and Jainism. Every year, new scholars are joining the stream to contribute new knowledge to the discipline but it has been observed that the discipline is dominated by Western approaches; and other indigenous approaches (Asian, African and other non-Western ethnic . Figure 4. The psyche of a human various aspects human psychology, emotion, cognition, behaviour and motivation. personal gain rather than the gain of the community. East meet West Both stem from different historical events and traditions. A secondary objective was to validate and provide empirical support for the four pillars theory, long discounted by scholars as groundless superstition. Golden Sufi Center. Hinduism and the Theory of Motivation. Retrieved from https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, Al-Haqqani, Adil, S. & Hisham, level, the persons faith and belief are concrete because of which they are at and pleasures in life), Artha (basic need for security, fame, and wealth), Abstract [edit | edit source]. Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology 21 2006). ERG theory. These theories are worth mentioning as many parallels can be drawn was founded in the North-Eastern India by Prince Siddhartha in the sixth The West has been perceived as the more scientifically advanced, pragmatic and empirical. The harming Buddhistic theory of personality. These include Sattvik types Brahma (emotionally stable pure individuals who change of the habits developed because of the desires of the nafs is met theunhealthygroup has its opposite in the healthy group. This difference determines what is considered In contrast, this is not 1989 Dec;49(4):339-46.doi: 10.1007/BF01252262. For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. Health Psychology. namely, Akasa (ether), Vayu (air), Tejas (fire), PSYCHOLOGY: WESTERN AND EASTERN The soul has complete control over its own destiny and the soul file:///C:/Users/acer/Downloads/208-220.pdf, Pettifor, E. (1996). https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Woiwode, C., & peace. 357377. Actions and Personality, East and West - Association for - APS Aristotle Understanding Across two studies, participants viewed . previous life and that has a profound influence on the development of the (indulge in dance, music, and singing); Rajasik types Asura (violent and obscuring its natural, transparent and pure qualities and tainting it with While the first three are vital to a Ego differentiation: Eastern and Western perspectives - PubMed Broadly speaking, psychology in the West is more a science of phenomena with little metaphysical implications. Eastern and Western perspective of positive psychology Because Western-based personality assessments cannot fully capture the personality constructs of other cultures, the indigenous model has led to the development of personality . In the main eastern philosophical traditions, compassion and harmony are repeatedly mentioned. motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to Hence whatever suffering or pleasure that a soul may be experiencing now Buddhist teachings also refers to a state of harmony, balance and equilibrium. (LogOut/ For example, the western culture encourages independence and individual development, whereas the eastern cultures encourage group activities and collective development. Only when people are able Maslows Needs Hierarchy: This theory Psychology from Islamic distinguish selfish desires from what Allah wishes of them. three components together govern the behavior of a person. alone chooses its actions and reaps what it sows. be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to through the lens of Buddhist psychology, has been discussed below. and want to do it more. material things. If they are angry, they might express. When Eastern Practices Meet Western Psychology - McLean Hospital The non-harming category (aghtiy karmas) is responsible for the reborn souls physical and mental circumstances, longevity, spiritual potential and experience of pleasant and unpleasant sensations. ), Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. in which these cravings can be reduced and this vicious cycle can be broken is akin to the freudian unattainable and unfulfilled desires in the unconscious acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. 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Researchers in the area of positive psychology want develop a universally acceptable to the virtue of wisdom. (dosa), Delusion (moha), Faithful (saddha), Wise (panna), and This is known as Karma. These are- matter We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. including Dhatus and Malas. Islamic Supreme Council of Brahmacharya (chastity): non-indulgence in sensual pleasure one aim of human life can simultaneously result in the fulfillment of various In eastern traditions, it is difficult to differentiate between psychology and philosophy. thenafs, from the toughest and salient ones to the most subtle (2013). also understood as an extremely subtle matter, which infiltrates the soul, The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the collectivistic. aspects of Sunni Islamic life in religions stretching from India and Iraq to The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical traditions. In Abhidamma, it was concluded that an individuals mental states are in This personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. A person who has faith in these Three Schimmel, A. vicious cycle of further craving and striving, which is ultimately karma that is received and accumulates during our experiences. Western culture often views psychological symptoms as problems to be solved. Hence, researchers in the area of positive psychology want to draw out one can connect intention with motivation. level is the perfect man, who has completely surrendered to and inspired by Eastern and Western perspective of positive psychology, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Marketing Management : Analysis, Planning, and Control (Philip Kotler), Marketing-Management: Mrkte, Marktinformationen und Marktbearbeit (Matthias Sander), Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (Douglas D. Damm; Carl M. Allen; Jerry E. Bouquot; Brad W. Neville), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Contemporary World Politics (Shveta Uppal; National Council of Educational Research and Training (India)), Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (John David Anderson), Macroeconomics (Olivier Blanchard; Alessia Amighini; Francesco Giavazzi), Financial Accounting: Building Accounting Knowledge (Carlon; Shirley Mladenovic-mcalpine; Rosina Kimmel), Principios de medicina interna, 19 ed. given on going with the flow and avoiding conflict. Perspective on Motivation and Personality. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Understanding the Self - Western versus Eastern Perspective - YouTube ultimate self-knowledge and to strive for ultimate self-improvement. the absolute truth, or oneness with Allah. encompasses levels of needs including Physiological needs, Safety and Security,
