Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. Dictatorships have arisen throughout history, usually in times of crisis. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. " Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Teodoro Obiang Nguesma Mbasogo overthrew his uncle Macias in 1979 in a bloody coup. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. Single-party dictatorships: 5. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. Pros and Cons of Dictatorships | Vision Launch Media [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. China - Communist Regime 4. What are the countries with a democracy government? Who Are The Dictators of Latin America? - The Hague Peace Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. Despite repeated promises to leave office in 2024 (when his term limit is reached), Putin spearheaded a 2020 constitutional amendment enabling him to remain in power until 2036. Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. One person holds all of the country's power. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . Which countries have military dictatorship? - Studybuff [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. 14 most cruel dictators who almost destroyed Humankind - World-Wire [45] Although, when it comes to polling and elections a dictator could use his power to override private preferences. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. China's constitution calls its government a "people's democratic dictatorship." It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. Equatorial Guinea. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. ", "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship? The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. List of 19 Main Pros and Cons of Dictatorships - ConnectUS US Provides Military Assistance to 73 Percent of World's Dictatorships Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. What Are the Pros and Cons of Dictatorship? - eLawTalk.com The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. Too Much Power. Examples of Dictatorship | YourDictionary Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. [1]:68. [137] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. Modern Dictatorship Countries. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. [87], The decolonisation of Africa prompted the creation of new governments, many of which became dictatorships in the 1960s and 1970s. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. [132] Foreign intervention takes place when another country seeks to topple a regime by invading the country or supporting the opposition. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. Syria - Well, it depends. They differ from other forms of dictatorships in that the dictator has greater access to key political positions and the government's treasury, and they are more commonly subject to the discretion of the dictator. Accused of crimes against humanity, Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death in 2006. 10 Dictators Who Were Surprisingly Good - Unbelievable Facts After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. Top 10 Dictatorship Countries - The Borgen Project A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. [90] These new African governments were marked by severe instability, which provided opportunities for regime change and made fair elections a rare occurrence on the continent. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. Monarchies: 3. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. 31 Synonyms & Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP - Merriam-Webster Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. Infiltration involves disseminating individuals loyal to the dictatorship and its ideals across civil society and local community elites. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. 10 Worst Dictators In Power Today - WhatCulture.com 8 Current Dictators as of 2018 - The Borgen Project [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. Current dictatorships include Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, and North Korea. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. Which countries have dictatorship government? - Sage-Answers In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). The territory of today's Algeria was the home of many prehistoric cultures, including Aterian and Capsian and the, Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Southern Africa. 1. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. The legislature must be popularly elected. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. Military dictatorship | Military Wiki | Fandom Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. [135] Negotiated removals are more likely to end in democracy, while removals by force are more likely to result in a new dictatorial regime. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. List of dictatorship countries? - Answers [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition.
